A STATE OF ART AND PROSPECTS OF MUNICIPAL SEWAGE SLUDGE MANAGEMENT

Basic data on the properties and volume of municipal (urban) sewage sludge (MSS) formation in the metropolitan region of Ukraine, which is a product of urban sewage treatment, are presented. The analysis of the current state of the ways of MSS management makes it possible to distinguish the following main directions: physical-mechanical, physical-chemical, biological and combined methods of handling it. MSS and its processing products (primarily biocoal (biochar, hydrochar), obtained as a result of incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, or hydrothermal carbonization) are used both individually and in combination with other substances in agriculture (fertilizers; chemical soil melioration); earthworks (reinforcement of weak and expansive soils, use as tamponage compositions, arrangement of embankments, leveling of terrain); road construction (bitumen, asphalt and asphalt concrete mixtures); building materials (cement clinker, cement, concrete, building solutions, bricks, building blocks, artificial stone, glass, glass ceramics, building ceramics, expanded clay (ceramsite), aggregate); protective coatings and materials (paints, shotcrete, thermal insulation materials); sorbents, catalysts and their carriers; compressed fuel; other materials (pigments, electrodes of electric current chemical sources, materials for storing certain substances, coagulants, inoculants, zeolites, glass fibres); in chemical-thermal and biological processes with the production of ash, biochar, pyrolysis liquid and synthesis gas for use as fuel, raw materials and means of other purposes. Currently, the most expedient methods of disposal are the direct use of MSS or its processing products in agriculture and forestry, the building materials industry, as well as in the fuel and energy sector. It should be noted that due to the unpredictable qualitative and quantitative composition of MSS, there are no single recommendations for its effective disposal; however, existing and promising technologies for processing MSS or their analogues make it possible to choose and combine various methods and means under certain conditions. Bibl. 141, Fig. 2.