Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome
Abstrak
Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome.
Penulis (248)
C. Huttenhower
D. Gevers
R. Knight
Sahar Abubucker
J. Badger
A. Chinwalla
H. Creasy
A. Earl
Michael G. Fitzgerald
R. Fulton
M. Giglio
Kymberlie Hallsworth-Pepin
E. Lobos
R. Madupu
V. Magrini
John Martin
M. Mitreva
D. Muzny
E. Sodergren
J. Versalovic
A. Wollam
K. Worley
J. Wortman
Sarah K. Young
Q. Zeng
K. Aagaard
Olukemi O. Abolude
E. Allen-Vercoe
E. Alm
Lucia Alvarado
G. Andersen
S. Anderson
Elizabeth L. Appelbaum
H. Arachchi
G. Armitage
Cesar Arze
T. Ayvaz
Carl C. Baker
L. Begg
Tsegahiwot Belachew
Veena Bhonagiri
Monika Bihan
M. Blaser
Toby Bloom
Vivien R. Bonazzi
J. Brooks
G. Buck
C. Buhay
D. Busam
Joseph L. Campbell
S. Canon
B. Cantarel
P. Chain
I. Chen
Lei Chen
Shaila Chhibba
Ken Chu
Dawn M. Ciulla
J. Clemente
S. Clifton
S. Conlan
J. Crabtree
M. Cutting
Noam J. Davidovics
Catherine C. Davis
T. DeSantis
C. Deal
Kimberley D. Delehaunty
F. Dewhirst
E. Deych
Yan Ding
D. Dooling
Shannon P. Dugan
W. Dunne
A. S. Durkin
Robert C. Edgar
R. Erlich
Candace N. Farmer
R. Farrell
Karoline Faust
M. Feldgarden
V. Felix
Sheila A Fisher
A. Fodor
L. Forney
Les Foster
V. D. Francesco
Jonathan Friedman
Dennis C. Friedrich
C. Fronick
L. Fulton
Hongyu Gao
Nathalia Garcia
G. Giannoukos
C. Giblin
Maria Y. Giovanni
J. Goldberg
Johannes Goll
Antonio Gonzalez
Allison D. Griggs
Sharvari Gujja
S. Haake
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Holli A. Hamilton
Emily L. Harris
Theresa A. Hepburn
Brandi N. Herter
D. Hoffmann
M. Holder
Clinton Howarth
Katherine H. Huang
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J. Izard
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Huaiyang Jiang
Catherine Jordan
V. Joshi
J. Katancik
W. Keitel
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C. Kells
N. King
D. Knights
H. Kong
O. Koren
S. Koren
Karthik Kota
C. Kovar
N. Kyrpides
P. Rosa
Sandy Lee
K. P. Lemon
N. Lennon
Cecil M. Lewis
L. Lewis
R. Ley
Kelvin Li
K. Liolios
Bo Liu
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C. Lo
C. Lozupone
R. Lunsford
T. Madden
A. Mahurkar
P. Mannon
E. Mardis
V. Markowitz
K. Mavromatis
J. McCorrison
Daniel McDonald
J. Mcewen
A. McGuire
P. Mcinnes
Teena Mehta
K. Mihindukulasuriya
J. Miller
P. Minx
I. Newsham
C. Nusbaum
M. O'Laughlin
Joshua Orvis
I. Pagani
Krishna Palaniappan
Shital M. Patel
Matthew D. Pearson
Jane L. Peterson
M. Podar
C. Pohl
K. Pollard
Mihai Pop
M. Priest
L. Proctor
X. Qin
J. Raes
J. Ravel
J. Reid
Mina Rho
R. Rhodes
Kevin P. Riehle
M. Rivera
B. Rodriguez-Mueller
Y. Rogers
M. C. Ross
C. Russ
Ravi K. Sanka
P. Sankar
J. Sathirapongsasuti
J. Schloss
P. Schloss
T. Schmidt
M. Scholz
L. Schriml
Alyxandria M. Schubert
N. Segata
J. Segre
W. Shannon
R. Sharp
T. Sharpton
N. Shenoy
N. Sheth
Gina A. Simone
Indresh Singh
C. Smillie
J. Sobel
Daniel D. Sommer
P. Spicer
G. Sutton
S. Sykes
D. Tabbaa
M. Thiagarajan
Chad Tomlinson
M. Torralba
Todd J. Treangen
R. Truty
T. Vishnivetskaya
Jason R. Walker
Lu Wang
Zhengyuan O. Wang
D. Ward
W. Warren
M. Watson
Christopher Wellington
K. Wetterstrand
J. White
Katarzyna Wilczek-Boney
Yuanqing Wu
K. Wylie
T. Wylie
C. Yandava
Liang Ye
Yuzhen Ye
Shibu Yooseph
Bonnie P. Youmans
Lan Zhang
Yanjiao Zhou
Yiming Zhu
L. Zoloth
Jeremy D. Zucker
B. Birren
R. Gibbs
S. Highlander
B. Methé
K. Nelson
J. Petrosino
G. Weinstock
R. Wilson
O. White
Akses Cepat
- Tahun Terbit
- 2012
- Bahasa
- en
- Total Sitasi
- 10573×
- Sumber Database
- Semantic Scholar
- DOI
- 10.1038/nature11234
- Akses
- Open Access ✓