Management in Politics. Western Models and Russian Realities

Introduction. The article examines the specifics of the development and historical legacy of the Russian party system and European democratic institutions. The root causes of the emergence of popular representation in the political sphere of life are investigated, and a comparative analysis of the experience of Western and Russian countries is carried out. The subject of the research is the Russian society and the political structure of modern Russia. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the need to start considering the possibilities of reforming political institutions in order to create a new architecture of legislative power radically different from the Western model. Materials and methods. The article uses materials from domestic and foreign scientific sources. The methodological basis of the research is based on the following general scientific and special methods: comparative method; method of system analysis; analytical method; institutional method; historical method; civilizational and identitarian approaches. The results of the study. In Russia, the evolution of government institutions, starting with the Veche assemblies and Zemstvo Councils, has laid the fundamental foundations of legitimacy and legality in the public consciousness, which are radically different from the Western political culture of Great Britain and the United States of America. Contrary to popular opinion, the article draws conclusions about the fallacy of believing in the axiom of universality and the lack of alternatives to the Western democratic model of the party system, shows the impossibility of its effective implementation in Russia, due to the uniqueness of Russian civilization and culture and the peculiarities of spiritual, historical and social development. Discussion and conclusion. Attempts to transform Russian political consciousness, ignoring the prevailing historical and socio-cultural realities in building the party system, are currently not yielding the expected results. Moreover, orientation towards Western patterns has repeatedly undermined Russia's stability and unity, which means that a new crisis is likely to arise in the future if the country refuses to form its own approach to political governance. It is necessary to start discussing the possibilities of creating a new architecture of legislative power that is fundamentally different from the models of another Western civilization.