Names of Belemnites and Fulgurites in the Russian Language: Scientific and Old Russian Nomenclature

This article studies the names of belemnites and fulgurites, functioning in contemporary scientific nomenclature, as well as recorded in the history of the Russian language. For the material of the article, the author refers to mineralogical literature, as well as historical dictionaries of the Russian language. Lexemes in question are considered in historical, lexicological, and motivational-etymological aspects in accordance with the methodology developed by the Ural School of Onomastics, Etymology, and Ethnolinguistics. When analysing the material, special attention is paid to the origin of the nominations: loan translation (громовые трубки, камень светящийся, рысий камень, морская желудь, etc.), borrowings (лешательерит, ливианит, etc.), while some words can be considered foreign inclusions (астрапиалит, керавний, идейские камни), Russian names (перун, перунка). A hypothesis is made about the typologically independent origin of the громовая стрела idiom. Names that have appeared recently and exist only within the framework of scientific nomenclature use set nominative models for mineral names: naming after a scientist (лешательерит), the place of extraction (ливит), the composition of the mineral (стекло кварцевое, стекло кремниевое, трубка песчаная). Several designations (астрапиалит, церавний, перун, фульгурит, белемнит, громовая стрела, etc.) reflect ideas about the connection of the minerals analysed with lightning and about lightning being the reason for the appearance of such a stone; in these representations, the real (фульгурит) and mythopoeic motivation are fused together. Some names employ somatic (водяная кость, чертов палец), faunal (гельмитолит, рысий камень), and floral images (морская желудь). The collection and description of dialectal and foreign language material will determine the further direction of research.