Energy-efficient strategies of electric drive control in Smart Grid systems

The article examines modern approaches to improving the energy efficiency of electric drives in the context of implementing the concept of smart energy networks (Smart Grid). Particular attention is given to the integration of electric drives as active participants in the energy balance, capable not only of consuming energy but also of adaptively regulating their operating modes in accordance with network parameters, load conditions, and the state of renewable energy sources. The study emphasizes the feasibility of using intelligent control systems that ensure high-quality regulation and reduced energy consumption under dynamically changing external conditions. Methods of energy consumption optimization based on adaptive control of variable-frequency drives are analyzed. The principles of using load forecasting algorithms are considered, enabling the formation of optimal operating profiles in advance and preventing peak overloads in the grid. The potential of regenerative operating modes, which allow excess energy during braking or speed reduction to be returned to the grid or local storage systems, is highlighted. This approach improves the overall efficiency of electric drive systems and reduces power losses. The results of simulation modeling performed in MATLAB/Simulink, using adaptive regulators and load models, confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategies. It has been established that the application of intelligent control algorithms reduces the electricity consumption of electric drives compared to traditional control methods, increases the power factor, and decreases harmonic distortion levels in the grid by 25–30 %. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the use of adaptive regulators ensures system stability even under varying motor parameters and external disturbances. The practical implementation of such solutions is feasible in a wide range of applications: industrial production lines, electric transport systems, and integrated energy complexes with renewable sources. This opens new prospects for the development of energy-efficient Smart Grid systems with a high level of flexibility, reliability, and self-recovery capability after disturbances. The proposed approaches contribute to shaping a new paradigm of electric drives focused on minimizing energy losses and enhancing the overall efficiency of modern power systems.