Conceptual and categorical apparatus of the state criminal and legal policy of countering cybercrimes

The article comprehensively examines the formation and genesis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the state criminal and legal policy of countering cybercrimes. Given the growing global threat of cybercrime, the most effective are criminal means of combating it, which is why the clarification of the conceptual and categorical apparatus is extremely relevant. Having analyzed the scientific achievements of previous years, we have come to an understanding of the concepts of «cybercrime», «cybercrime» through the prism of multi-vectority, using various approaches, including considering international and national legislation. Special attention in the article is devoted to the identification of signs of cybercrimes and their classification, in particular, examples of classifications of various scientists are given. The types of cybercrimes contained in the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime are comprehensively characterized. Based on the processed material, our own approaches to the classification of cybercrime for the purposes of state criminal and legal policy, which has a multi-level nature, have been developed. Regarding the identified approaches to the classification, signs and content of cybercrime, certain positions have been highlighted regarding the consideration of these crimes: first, as a socially dangerous criminal act consisting in the manufacture, financing, use, sale, exchange and distribution of malicious software products; second, as a socially dangerous criminal act committed with the use of information and computer technologies. The presented study consists in the analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the state criminal law policy to combat cybercrime, which allowed to form a set of theoretical provisions and is the basis for the formation and implementation of the state criminal law policy to combat cybercrime.