Resources Allocation and Operations Optimization for CO₂ Capture in Industrial Clusters

Industries with hard-to-abate emissions are a significant source of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. CO2 capture infrastructure offers opportunities to reduce emissions from processes that are hard to decarbonize. However, the high cost of implementing CO2 capture infrastructure on-site remains a barrier. An industrial cluster offers a more economical alternative, by enabling multiple plants to share energy systems and CO2 capture infrastructure. Infrastructure sharing poses financial and operational risks when disruption occurs in one of the participating plants in the industrial cluster. The decision on which plants to prioritize or to scale down during such a disruption becomes crucial in minimizing operational losses. For effective operations and resource management, it is important to consider compensation required, energy loss and CO2 deficit removal within an industrial cluster. To address this, a two-stage mixed-integer linear programming optimization model is developed to determine an optimal resource distribution scheme through the Shapley value calculation. The model is demonstrated through a case study where the impact of a gas turbine failure on an industrial cluster is evaluated. The results show that forming a coalition lowers total compensation to $ 268.6 k, compared to $ 677.1 k when plants are compensated individually. Based on the Shapley value, the ammonia plant receives 27.0 %, the cement plant 25.5 %, and the iron and steel plant 47.5 % of the total compensation. The second-stage optimization further refines results by diversifying the energy loss and CO2 removal deficit across plants based on their received compensation. This yields a net compensation satisfaction level of 0.458.