Management of Melasma (Vyanga) through Ayurveda Interventions: A Comprehensive Review

Melasma is a skin condition characterised by hyperpigmentation patches on facial skin due to increased melanin synthesis. Important aetiological factors for development of melasma include genetic predisposition and Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure, resulting in melanocyte overactivity. ‘Vyanga,’ described in Ayurveda under category of ‘Kshudra Roga,’ denotes facial blemishes or patches characteristic to this condition. Many Ayurveda interventions are being used, but extent of their clinical efficacy evidences is scarce. In present review, clinical research articles were retrieved from databases focused on Ayurveda research, viz., AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) Research Portal and Digital Helpline for Ayurveda Research Articles (DHARA). A review of 12 such articles exhibited usage of variety of interventions with positive outcomes. It was observed that, along with classically mentioned remedies such as Manjishtha (Rubia cordifolia), a number of rational combinations, such as ‘AYUSH face pack,’ were designed and successfully used. In conclusion, Ayurveda could play a very important role in the management of melasma.