NAVIGATING SOCIO-TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CHALLENGES IN RENEWABLE ENERGY ACCESS: A MIXED-METHODS ANALYSIS OF NIGERIA’S TRANSITION LANDSCAPE

Research Problem: Although global attention on energy transition is increasing, limited research has examined how institutional, socio-technical, and relational factors shape renewable energy access and equity in Nigeria. Within the wider African natural resource context, challenges such as political–institutional fragmentation, low public awareness, and governance weaknesses continue to threaten the realisation of a just and inclusive energy transition. These dynamics remain underexplored, particularly in decentralised and community-level settings where energy needs and socio-technical interactions are most pronounced. Methods/Theory: The study adopts a mixed-methods approach grounded in socio-technical transition theory and institutional analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected to examine how institutional fragmentation, governance quality, local awareness, and actor–technology relationships influence renewable energy access. Statistical analysis was complemented by interpretive assessment of community-level dynamics to uncover both structural and behavioural factors shaping energy equity. Results: Findings reveal that political–institutional fragmentation and governance misalignments significantly impede the effective implementation of national energy transition strategies. Conversely, strong governance practices and higher levels of local awareness enhance renewable energy adoption. Although interactions between actor participation and technology type were not statistically significant, the evidence emphasises the central role of decentralised, community-driven initiatives in promoting equitable and context-appropriate energy outcomes. Conclusion: Nigeria’s energy transition is shaped by interconnected institutional and socio-technical factors that influence both access and equity. Addressing institutional fragmentation while empowering communities is essential for achieving a just and sustainable transition. Key Contribution to Knowledge: This study advances understanding of the institutional and socio-technical determinants of energy equity in sub-Saharan Africa. It highlights how governance quality, awareness, and decentralised engagement intersect to shape renewable energy outcomes. Recommendation: The study recommends comprehensive institutional reforms, enhanced governance capacity, and participatory, community-centred frameworks to strengthen the equity and effectiveness of energy transitions. Further research should integrate cross-country comparisons and deepen inquiry into local socio-technical innovation.