A Narrative Review on Forensic Toxicology of Human Hair and Nails

Forensic trichology is the study of hair evidence in criminal investigations, helping identify individuals and provide insights into their activities and associations. Forensic onychology, or forensic nail examination, involves analyzing nail evidence to determine factors like cause of death, drug use, or occupational history, assisting in uncovering critical information in forensic investigations. The analytical toxicology of human hair and nails has advanced significantly in recent years, allowing for a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of exposure to drugs, chemicals, and other toxic substances. Hair and nails are increasingly employed as matrices for the detection of new pharmacological targets because of their special qualities, such as their capacity to absorb and store xenobiotics for extended periods of time. However, interpreting the evidence in this area is overly complex and requires strong forensic expertise and adherence to strict scientific protocols. This review will discuss current research in forensic tricho-toxicology and forensic onycho-toxicology.