Standardization cooperation strategies and practices for oil and gas pipelines along the Belt and Road

Many transnational oil and gas pipelines were constructed by the countries along the Belt and Road, but differentstandards of oil and gas pipelines were followed in different countries, resulting in various problems in design, construction andoperation of transnational oil and gas pipelines. Based on the oil and gas pipeline projects of the countries along the Belt andRoad, 5 standard cooperation modes, including joint development for international standard, mutual standard recognition, jointstandard development for the country pipeline laying, reference of applicable standards and implementation as a de facto standard, were proposed, the characteristics of each standard cooperation was analyzed, the standard status of oil and gas pipelines ofvarious countries were investigated, and the method and steps for implementation of standardization cooperation strategy weredeveloped. The standardization cooperation of oil and gas pipelines along the Belt and Road is an important support for oil and gascooperation and strategic channel construction, and it is recommended to adopt different cooperation modes according to the actualconditions of each pipeline thereof and the different cooperation requirements of various countries.