Enhanced Performance of Microstrip Antenna Arrays through Concave Modifications and Cut-Corner Techniques

This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-performance 4×1 linear microstrip-fed antenna array optimized for wireless communication systems operating at 2.45 GHz. A novel concave-shaped modification is introduced on both the horizontal and vertical edges of the rectangular patch elements, significantly enhancing key performance metrics such as gain, impedance matching, and radiation efficiency. In addition, cut-corner techniques are applied to each patch element to minimize return loss and improve bandwidth, effectively addressing common limitations of traditional rectangular patch antennas, such as low gain and narrow bandwidth. Through rigorous simulations and physical prototyping, the proposed antenna array demonstrates a peak gain of 18 dB and a return loss of -33.82 dB at the target frequency. This makes it highly suitable for high-performance wireless applications, including WLAN, mobile communications, and smart transportation systems. The design not only improves antenna efficiency but is also cost-effective and simple to fabricate, making it ideal for mass production in modern communication systems.