Nářečí nejzápadnějších rusínských enkláv v kontaktu se slovenštinou a polštinou. Fonologie a morfologie

The goal of the research is to contribute to the current knowledge of historical Slavic dialectology and to the understanding of the nature of language contact between dialects of related languages in the Carpathians. The article is devoted to the dialects of the westernmost East Slavic language islands on the territory of Slovakia. This concerns the dialects of the municipalities of Osturňa and Ihľany in the north of Spiš and a group of southern Spiš enclaves, which includes the municipalities of Závadka, Poráč, Slovinky, Helcmanovce, Úhorná, Pača, and Hačava. According to the traditional classification, these dialects belong to the Southern Lemko group of south-western Ukrainian dialects. In many features, they match the neighbouring dialects of Slovak and Polish, with which they have been in contact for centuries. A high degree of contact- induced West Slavic phenomena is typical for the entire Lemko area, but it is evident from the professional literature and recent field research that the dialects of the language islands were exposed to the strongest foreign influence. The present study focuses on the phonological and morphological level of the selected dialects and tries to determine which changes in the dialect systems were caused by contact with West Slavic dialects. The basic research method is a comparison of the dialect systems of the mentioned municipalities with the systems of the neighbouring East Slovak and Lesser Poland Goral dialects. We have come to the conclusion that the nature of language contact in different municipalities differed. While in most localities it was a matter of gradual long-term contact, in the municipalities of Osturňa and Slovinky the mixed settlement had a decisive influence on the development of their dialects.