THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

The article presents the theoretical foundations of agricultural economics, with a focus on economic issues in the strategic sector that ensures national food security. Various definitions of agriculture are discussed, the European Model of Agriculture (EMA) is outlined, and four paradigms concerning the state’s approach to the agricultural sector are identified. To systematize the existing knowledge on the subject, a review of the relevant literature and an analysis of legal acts related to agricultural economics were conducted. The literature review encompassed 19 publications consistent with the thematic scope of the study and 3 legislative acts. The study identifies the position of agricultural economics within the economic sciences, presenting its subject, objectives, and interdisciplinary character (linkages with natural and technical sciences). It is emphasized that contemporary agri-economic sciences, broadly understood, are increasingly converging with general economics, drawing on its tools, research methodology, and conceptual framework. The article highlights the interrelations between general agricultural economics, the economics of agricultural production, and farm economics. Given that EU regulations concerning the Common Agricultural Policy affect Polish farms, it is crucial to examine their economic implications.