Histological and physiological determinants of hypothyroidism in patients and its relationship with lipid profile

Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland does not generate enough thyroid hormone to keep the body operating correctly. Low thyroid hormone levels make it difficult for cells in the body to acquire enough thyroid hormone, causing the body's processes to slow down. There are various reasons why autoimmune illness and radiation therapy are so prevalent. Thyroiditis is caused by too much or too little iodine. Because lipids are hydrophobic (insoluble in water), they cannot transport fats like cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides through the bloodstream on their own. Instead, they bind to proteins to produce lipoproteins, which carry fats such as cholesterol triglycerides, and phospholipids throughout the body. The EIA technique was utilized to assess the levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in 25 patients and 25 healthy people in this study. The study found that hypothyroidism patients have higher TSH levels than healthy controls, while their T3 and T4 levels are lower than healthy controls. There is also a considerable rise when hypothyroidism patients were compared to healthy controls, there was a significant increase in the mean levels of all lipids except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We concluded that the TSH levels in hypothyroidism patients were significantly higher than in the control group, in addition, these patients have an abnormal lipid profile, with significantly higher levels of TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL.Atherosclerosis can result as a result of this. Because it carries cholesterol and other lipids from artery walls to the liver, it is known as a lipid transporter. HDL is known as the "good" cholesterol. A greater HDL level is linked to a lower risk of atherosclerosis. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2023; 6(1.000): 9-16]