'Kīrtimukha' in the Art of the Kapili-Jamuna Valley of Assam: An Artistic Survey

The figure of the 'kīrtimukha' or ‘glory- face’ is an artistic motif that appears on early Indian art and architecture, initially as a sacred symbol and then more commonly as a decorative element. In Assam, the motif of 'kīrtimukha' is seen crowning the stele of the stray icons of the early medieval period. The motif also appeared in the structural components of the ancient and early medieval temples of Assam. The Kapili-Jamuna valley, situated in the districts of Nagaon, Marigaon and Hojai in central Assam houses innumerable rich archaeological remains, especially temple ruins and sculptures, both stone and terracotta. Many such architectural components are adorned by the 'kīrtimukha' figures, usually carved in low relief. It is proposed to discuss the iconographic features of the 'kīrtimukha' motif in the art of the Kapili-Jamuna valley of Assam and also examine whether the iconographic depictions of the 'kīrtimukha' as prescribed in canonical texts, such as the 'Śilpaśāstras' are reflected in the art of the valley. Pan Asian linkages of the 'kīrtimukha' motif will also be examined.