The Atmospheric Sounder Spectrometer by Infrared Spectral Technology (ASSIST): instrument design and signal processing

<p>The Atmospheric Sounder Spectrometer by Infrared Spectral Technology (ASSIST) is a Fourier-transform spectrometer designed, fabricated, and sold by LR Tech Inc., which operates in the thermal infrared. When attached to its automated radiometric calibration module, it functions as an infrared spectroradiometer (IRS) that passively measures the absolute spectral radiance within a 46 mrad full field of view and over the 525 to 3300 cm<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> (3 to 19 <span class="inline-formula">µm</span>) spectral range. For atmospheric studies, the ASSIST IRS is integrated into a mobile enclosure enabling autonomous and reliable operation across a range of environmental conditions. It is typically configured for downwelling radiance measurements (zenith view) at 0.5 cm<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> bin spacing, 0.6 cm<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> resolution, and 4 min<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> sampling rate, closely replicating the behavior of the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI, in rapid-sampling mode), a similar but older IRS. Atmospheric variables affecting the shape of the downwelling thermal infrared radiance spectrum at ground level can be retrieved from the ASSIST high-resolution measurements using dedicated inversion algorithms. This includes the properties of some aerosols and simple clouds, the mixing ratios of trace gases, and the vertical distribution of temperature and water vapor (thermodynamic profile) in the lower troposphere above the instrument. Due to the form of the radiative transfer equation, thermodynamic profiles can only be retrieved with low to moderate vertical resolution but with sufficient accuracy and temporal resolution to help fill the current boundary layer observational gap. This paper provides a detailed description of the ASSIST design and near-real-time processing algorithm producing the calibrated radiance spectra that are useful in a variety of applications.</p>