In Vitro Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of Different Bone Graft Materials in Oral Surgery

Objective: The current study evaluated the osteogenic potential of three commercially available autogenous bone graft materials using primary human osteoblasts. Materials and Methods: Primary human osteoblasts were seeded onto the bone graft materials, and their adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression (Runx2 and ALP) were assessed at 4, 8, 3, and 14 days post-seeding. The materials were grouped (Group I: biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), Group II: freeze-dried bone allografts (FDBA), Group III: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM)) and characterized for particle size and mean projection area. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni’s correction was used for statistical analysis. Results: Group I showed the highest osteoblast adhesion and proliferation, with the highest expression of osteogenic markers, followed by Group II and Group III. Group I had the smallest particle size. Conclusion: Deproteinized bovine bone mineral may be the most effective bone graft material for promoting osteogenesis, with implications for optimizing bone graft selection in oral surgery.