Influence of biopsychosocial factors on pregnant women during perinatal period

Background: The perinatal period is shaped by biopsychosocial factors, including biological changes, psychological stressors, and social determinants like socioeconomic status and support systems. These factors collectively impact maternal and neonatal health. While individual aspects have been studied, research on their combined effects, particularly in local contexts, remains limited. This study aimed to determine the influence of biopsychosocial factors on pregnant women’s well-being during the perinatal period. This research seeks to fill a gap in current knowledge and provide insights that can improve healthcare strategies and maternal-child health outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted from February to April with 100 pregnant women attending obstetrics clinics in Baghdad, Iraq. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire covering demographic, reproductive, biological, psychological, and social factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26. Results: Social factors (age 25–29, education, social support, and planned pregnancy) significantly affected pregnant women. Most participants had physical issues, but these did not significantly impact adverse maternal outcomes, except for pregnancy weight gain (P = 0.000). Psychological factors showed moderate concern (64%) and were highly associated with adverse outcomes (P = 0.000). Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of considering biopsychosocial factors in perinatal care. The findings highlight the need for targeted healthcare interventions that address these factors to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.