Unleashing the power of the 4IR in organisational value chains: A conceptual analysis

Background: The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has transformed value chains across various industries. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on how to effectively utilise 4IR technologies in organisational value chains. Research must explore how organisations can use 4IR technologies to optimise their value chain performance. Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to explore the holistic impact of 4IR technologies on the structural transformation of value chains. Method: Applying the principles of the resource-based view and the VRIO (Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Organisation) framework, a systematic literature review was conducted to map the intersection of 4IR technologies and value chain performance. It utilised resource-based view theory and the VRIO framework to assess the role of 4IR in transforming value chains. This study focused on the VRIO integration of 4IR resources, such as advanced data analytics, Internet of Things (IoT), proprietary technologies and skilled workforces. Results: The research shows that 4IR resources are valuable and rare assets that require meticulous organisational integration, adaptable organisational structures, innovation-driven cultures and cross-functional collaboration. Conclusion: The strategic integration of 4IR resources within value chains can lead to innovation, efficiency and enduring competitive advantage. Contribution: This study provides a strategic roadmap for integrating emerging 4IR technologies into business value chains, cultivating a deeper understanding and maximising the benefits of these technologies to achieve sustained value creation and competitive advantage.