Optimising South African air cargo efficiency through technology and infrastructure development

Background: South Africa’s air cargo industry is a critical driver of international trade and economic growth. However, outdated infrastructure and limited technology integration have led to inefficiencies, notably cargo delays, which undermine operational performance and competitiveness. Objectives: This study examines the relationship between infrastructural quality, technological adoption and cargo delays in South Africa’s air cargo sector. It aims to identify key operational bottlenecks and provide evidence-based recommendations to enhance efficiency. Method: This study used a survey of 120 key stakeholders across South Africa’s major airports, including cargo operators, airport officials and policymakers, to examine how infrastructure quality and technology adoption influence cargo delays. Results: Findings reveal that improved infrastructural quality and higher levels of technology adoption significantly reduce cargo delays. Regression analysis indicated that each unit increase in infrastructure quality and technology adoption corresponded to marked decreases in delay durations. Additionally, stakeholder perceptions on investment urgency varied, underscoring the importance of aligning operational and regulatory perspectives. Conclusion: Upgrading physical infrastructure and embracing digital innovations are essential for reducing cargo delays and enhancing the overall efficiency of South Africa’s air cargo operations. Contribution: This study offers empirical evidence that informs policy formulation and operational strategies, emphasising the need for public–private partnerships and regulatory reforms to build a more competitive and sustainable air cargo industry.