Intelligence Artificielle et e-démocratie : nouveaux droits, nouvelles exclusions

The axis from which we choose to build our argument is that of “Artificial intelligence and democracy”. The objective of the proposal is to define rules that keep the human being at the center of the advancement of artificial intelligence. It is in this context of the advance of new technologies that the need to protect the values of democracy and individual freedoms, currently threatened in several countries, such as Brazil, clearly appears. The rise of the “surveillance state” is a global reality that directly interferes with this challenge. Contemporary digital social and political participation (e-Democracy) is a product of the digitization of the state and its apparatuses, characterized by the production of new rights made possible by communication technologies. The digitization of the State apparatus thanks to new technologies based on intelligent algorithms and the rules of the information and communication society, have triggered the production of so-called "new rights" whose applicability expands the concept of democracy by differentiating between traditional business governance, and the growing demands of communities increasingly linked to the digital communication system. The rights of access to the Internet and the network, to electronic voting, to communicate thanks to new technologies, to receive digital public services are parallel to the duties of the State, characterized by the satisfaction of new rights. At the same time, there is a growing risk that forms of digital participation produce intolerable levels of exclusion that undermine democracy. Based on suggestions made by the latest frontiers of AI research, the next artificial intelligences could benefit from the power of Qubit, the ability to learn through biological neural networks beyond the usual level of Machine Learning to achieve realiser the utopia or the nightmare of many: to have computerized machines capable of deciding for themselves. What impact will these innovations have on the shape and resilience of democracies? In the presence of an evolving ecosystem of non-moral artificial intelligences, is there an obligation to think of a new ethics? Using an analytical-critical method, we are going to call upon three elements that shape the "triple revolution", which led to this transformation: the emergence of social networks, the ability of the Internet to reach individuals and connectivity.