Synopsis of the Triassic reptiles from Germany

Triassic strata in the portion of the Central European Basin (CEB) that cover parts of conterminous Germany have yielded a long if discontinuous record of continental tetrapods spanning this period. The classic Germanic Triassic succession comprises two mostly terrestrial units, the Buntsandstein and Keuper groups, separated by the predominantly marine Muschelkalk Group (Fig. 1). Thus, it is not possible to trace lineages of terrestrial tetrapods continuously through the entire Triassic Period. Skeletal remains of Early and early Middle Triassic (Induan-early Anisian) reptiles are rare in the Buntsandstein Group and mainly known from the Upper Buntsandstein Subgroup. The Middle Triassic (Anisian-Ladinian) marine carbonates of the Muschelkalk Group have yielded a considerable diversity of sauropterygians together with a few ichthyopterygians, a possible thalattosaurian, and the long-necked tanysaurian archosauromorph Tanystropheus. The late Middle and Late Triassic continental deposits of the Keuper Group preserve a substantial record of the rapidly diversifying crocodile-line and bird-line archosaurs together with stem-forms of some tetrapod crown clades such as turtles and lepidosaurs. In recent years, many new discoveries have greatly increased our knowledge of reptiles from the Keuper Group, especially from the Ladinian-age Lower Keuper Subgroup. The latest Triassic (Rhaetian) is represented by bonebeds containing bones and teeth of marine and continental vertebrates including reptiles that were deposited before the Early Jurassic transgression completely inundated the CEB. This paper provides a detailed overview of the currently known taxa of reptiles from the Triassic of conterminous Germany and explores some more general aspects of this fossil record.