DOAJ Open Access 2024

An IXPE-led X-Ray Spectropolarimetric Campaign on the Soft State of Cygnus X-1: X-Ray Polarimetric Evidence for Strong Gravitational Lensing

James F. Steiner Edward Nathan Kun Hu Henric Krawczynski Michal Dovčiak +132 lainnya

Abstrak

We present the first X-ray spectropolarimetric results for Cygnus X-1 in its soft state from a campaign of five IXPE observations conducted during 2023 May–June. Companion multiwavelength data during the campaign are likewise shown. The 2–8 keV X-rays exhibit a net polarization degree PD = 1.99% ± 0.13% (68% confidence). The polarization signal is found to increase with energy across the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer’s (IXPE) 2–8 keV bandpass. The polarized X-rays exhibit an energy-independent polarization angle of PA = −25.°7 ± 1.°8 east of north (68% confidence). This is consistent with being aligned to Cyg X-1’s au-scale compact radio jet and its parsec-scale radio lobes. In comparison to earlier hard-state observations, the soft state exhibits a factor of 2 lower polarization degree but a similar trend with energy and a similar (also energy-independent) position angle. When scaling by the natural unit of the disk temperature, we find the appearance of a consistent trend line in the polarization degree between the soft and hard states. Our favored polarimetric model indicates that Cyg X-1’s spin is likely high ( a _* ≳ 0.96). The substantial X-ray polarization in Cyg X-1's soft state is most readily explained as resulting from a large portion of X-rays emitted from the disk returning and reflecting off the disk surface, generating a high polarization degree and a polarization direction parallel to the black hole spin axis and radio jet. In IXPE’s bandpass, the polarization signal is dominated by the returning reflection emission. This constitutes polarimetric evidence for strong gravitational lensing of X-rays close to the black hole.

Topik & Kata Kunci

Astrophysics

Penulis (137)

James F. Steiner

Edward Nathan

Kun Hu

Henric Krawczynski

Michal Dovčiak

Alexandra Veledina

Fabio Muleri

Jiri Svoboda

Kevin Alabarta

Maxime Parra

Yash Bhargava

Giorgio Matt

Juri Poutanen

Pierre-Olivier Petrucci

Allyn F. Tennant

M. Cristina Baglio

Luca Baldini

Samuel Barnier

Sudip Bhattacharyya

Stefano Bianchi

Maimouna Brigitte

Mauricio Cabezas

Floriane Cangemi

Fiamma Capitanio

Jacob Casey

Nicole Rodriguez Cavero

Simone Castellano

Elisabetta Cavazzuti

Sohee Chun

Eugene Churazov

Enrico Costa

Niccolò Di Lalla

Alessandro Di Marco

Elise Egron

Melissa Ewing

Sergio Fabiani

Javier A. García

David A. Green

Victoria Grinberg

Petr Hadrava

Adam Ingram

Philip Kaaret

Fabian Kislat

Takao Kitaguchi

Vadim Kravtsov

Brankica Kubátová

Fabio La Monaca

Luca Latronico

Vladislav Loktev

Christian Malacaria

Frédéric Marin

Andrea Marinucci

Olga Maryeva

Guglielmo Mastroserio

Tsunefumi Mizuno

Michela Negro

Nicola Omodei

Jakub Podgorný

John Rankin

Ajay Ratheesh

Lauren Rhodes

David M. Russell

Miroslav Šlechta

Paolo Soffitta

Sean Spooner

Valery Suleimanov

Francesco Tombesi

Sergei A. Trushkin

Martin C. Weisskopf

Silvia Zane

Andrzej A. Zdziarski

Sixuan Zhang

Wenda Zhang

Menglei Zhou

Iván Agudo

Lucio A. Antonelli

Matteo Bachetti

Wayne H. Baumgartner

Ronaldo Bellazzini

Stephen D. Bongiorno

Raffaella Bonino

Alessandro Brez

Niccolò Bucciantini

Chien-Ting Chen

Stefano Ciprini

Alessandra De Rosa

Ettore Del Monte

Laura Di Gesu

Immacolata Donnarumma

Victor Doroshenko

Steven R. Ehlert

Teruaki Enoto

Yuri Evangelista

Riccardo Ferrazzoli

Shuichi Gunji

Kiyoshi Hayashida

Jeremy Heyl

Wataru Iwakiri

Svetlana G. Jorstad

Vladimir Karas

Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak

Ioannis Liodakis

Simone Maldera

Alberto Manfreda

Alan P. Marscher

Herman L. Marshall

Francesco Massaro

Ikuyuki Mitsuishi

Chi-Yung Ng

Stephen L. O’Dell

Chiara Oppedisano

Alessandro Papitto

George G. Pavlov

Abel L. Peirson

Matteo Perri

Melissa Pesce-Rollins

Maura Pilia

Andrea Possenti

Simonetta Puccetti

Brian D. Ramsey

Oliver J. Roberts

Roger W. Romani

Carmelo Sgrò

Patrick Slane

Gloria Spandre

Douglas A. Swartz

Toru Tamagawa

Fabrizio Tavecchio

Roberto Taverna

Yuzuru Tawara

Nicholas E. Thomas

Alessio Trois

Sergey S. Tsygankov

Roberto Turolla

Jacco Vink

Kinwah Wu

Fei Xie

Format Sitasi

APA MLA BibTeX

Steiner, J.F., Nathan, E., Hu, K., Krawczynski, H., Dovčiak, M., Veledina, A. et al. (2024). An IXPE-led X-Ray Spectropolarimetric Campaign on the Soft State of Cygnus X-1: X-Ray Polarimetric Evidence for Strong Gravitational Lensing. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad58e4

@article{steiner2024, author = {James F. Steiner and Edward Nathan and Kun Hu and Henric Krawczynski and Michal Dovčiak and Alexandra Veledina and Fabio Muleri and Jiri Svoboda and Kevin Alabarta and Maxime Parra and Yash Bhargava and Giorgio Matt and Juri Poutanen and Pierre-Olivier Petrucci and Allyn F. Tennant and M. Cristina Baglio and Luca Baldini and Samuel Barnier and Sudip Bhattacharyya and Stefano Bianchi and Maimouna Brigitte and Mauricio Cabezas and Floriane Cangemi and Fiamma Capitanio and Jacob Casey and Nicole Rodriguez Cavero and Simone Castellano and Elisabetta Cavazzuti and Sohee Chun and Eugene Churazov and Enrico Costa and Niccolò Di Lalla and Alessandro Di Marco and Elise Egron and Melissa Ewing and Sergio Fabiani and Javier A. García and David A. Green and Victoria Grinberg and Petr Hadrava and Adam Ingram and Philip Kaaret and Fabian Kislat and Takao Kitaguchi and Vadim Kravtsov and Brankica Kubátová and Fabio La Monaca and Luca Latronico and Vladislav Loktev and Christian Malacaria and Frédéric Marin and Andrea Marinucci and Olga Maryeva and Guglielmo Mastroserio and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Michela Negro and Nicola Omodei and Jakub Podgorný and John Rankin and Ajay Ratheesh and Lauren Rhodes and David M. Russell and Miroslav Šlechta and Paolo Soffitta and Sean Spooner and Valery Suleimanov and Francesco Tombesi and Sergei A. Trushkin and Martin C. Weisskopf and Silvia Zane and Andrzej A. Zdziarski and Sixuan Zhang and Wenda Zhang and Menglei Zhou and Iván Agudo and Lucio A. Antonelli and Matteo Bachetti and Wayne H. Baumgartner and Ronaldo Bellazzini and Stephen D. Bongiorno and Raffaella Bonino and Alessandro Brez and Niccolò Bucciantini and Chien-Ting Chen and Stefano Ciprini and Alessandra De Rosa and Ettore Del Monte and Laura Di Gesu and Immacolata Donnarumma and Victor Doroshenko and Steven R. Ehlert and Teruaki Enoto and Yuri Evangelista and Riccardo Ferrazzoli and Shuichi Gunji and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Jeremy Heyl and Wataru Iwakiri and Svetlana G. Jorstad and Vladimir Karas and Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak and Ioannis Liodakis and Simone Maldera and Alberto Manfreda and Alan P. Marscher and Herman L. Marshall and Francesco Massaro and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Chi-Yung Ng and Stephen L. O’Dell and Chiara Oppedisano and Alessandro Papitto and George G. Pavlov and Abel L. Peirson and Matteo Perri and Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Maura Pilia and Andrea Possenti and Simonetta Puccetti and Brian D. Ramsey and Oliver J. Roberts and Roger W. Romani and Carmelo Sgrò and Patrick Slane and Gloria Spandre and Douglas A. Swartz and Toru Tamagawa and Fabrizio Tavecchio and Roberto Taverna and Yuzuru Tawara and Nicholas E. Thomas and Alessio Trois and Sergey S. Tsygankov and Roberto Turolla and Jacco Vink and Kinwah Wu and Fei Xie}, title = {An IXPE-led X-Ray Spectropolarimetric Campaign on the Soft State of Cygnus X-1: X-Ray Polarimetric Evidence for Strong Gravitational Lensing}, year = {2024}, journal = {DOAJ}, doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ad58e4}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad58e4}, }

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Informasi Jurnal

Tahun Terbit: 2024
Sumber Database: DOAJ
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ad58e4
Akses: Open Access ✓