DOAJ Open Access 2022

Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Maciek Wielgus Nicola Marchili Iván Martí-Vidal Garrett K. Keating Venkatessh Ramakrishnan +262 lainnya

Abstrak

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the compact radio source, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), in the Galactic Center on 2017 April 5–11 in the 1.3 mm wavelength band. At the same time, interferometric array data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Submillimeter Array were collected, providing Sgr A* light curves simultaneous with the EHT observations. These data sets, complementing the EHT very long baseline interferometry, are characterized by a cadence and signal-to-noise ratio previously unattainable for Sgr A* at millimeter wavelengths, and they allow for the investigation of source variability on timescales as short as a minute. While most of the light curves correspond to a low variability state of Sgr A*, the April 11 observations follow an X-ray flare and exhibit strongly enhanced variability. All of the light curves are consistent with a red-noise process, with a power spectral density (PSD) slope measured to be between −2 and −3 on timescales between 1 minute and several hours. Our results indicate a steepening of the PSD slope for timescales shorter than 0.3 hr. The spectral energy distribution is flat at 220 GHz, and there are no time lags between the 213 and 229 GHz frequency bands, suggesting low optical depth for the event horizon scale source. We characterize Sgr A*’s variability, highlighting the different behavior observed just after the X-ray flare, and use Gaussian process modeling to extract a decorrelation timescale and a PSD slope. We also investigate the systematic calibration uncertainties by analyzing data from independent data reduction pipelines.

Topik & Kata Kunci

Astrophysics

Penulis (267)

Maciek Wielgus

Nicola Marchili

Iván Martí-Vidal

Garrett K. Keating

Venkatessh Ramakrishnan

Paul Tiede

Ed Fomalont

Sara Issaoun

Joey Neilsen

Michael A. Nowak

Lindy Blackburn

Charles F. Gammie

Ciriaco Goddi

Daryl Haggard

Daeyoung Lee

Monika Moscibrodzka

Alexandra J. Tetarenko

Geoffrey C. Bower

Chi-kwan Chan

Koushik Chatterjee

Paul M. Chesler

Jason Dexter

Sheperd S. Doeleman

Boris Georgiev

Mark Gurwell

Michael D. Johnson

Daniel P. Marrone

Alejandro Mus

Dimitrios Psaltis

Bart Ripperda

Gunther Witzel

Kazunori Akiyama

Antxon Alberdi

Walter Alef

Juan Carlos Algaba

Richard Anantua

Keiichi Asada

Rebecca Azulay

Uwe Bach

Anne-Kathrin Baczko

David Ball

Mislav Baloković

John Barrett

Michi Bauböck

Bradford A. Benson

Dan Bintley

Raymond Blundell

Wilfred Boland

Katherine L. Bouman

Hope Boyce

Michael Bremer

Christiaan D. Brinkerink

Roger Brissenden

Silke Britzen

Avery E. Broderick

Dominique Broguiere

Thomas Bronzwaer

Sandra Bustamante

Do-Young Byun

John E. Carlstrom

Chiara Ceccobello

Andrew Chael

Shami Chatterjee

Ming-Tang Chen

Yongjun Chen

Ilje Cho

Pierre Christian

Nicholas S. Conroy

John E. Conway

James M. Cordes

Thomas M. Crawford

Geoffrey B. Crew

Alejandro Cruz-Osorio

Yuzhu Cui

Jordy Davelaar

Mariafelicia De Laurentis

Roger Deane

Jessica Dempsey

Gregory Desvignes

Vedant Dhruv

Sergio A. Dzib

Ralph P. Eatough

Razieh Emami

Heino Falcke

Joseph Farah

Vincent L. Fish

H. Alyson Ford

Raquel Fraga-Encinas

William T. Freeman

Per Friberg

Christian M. Fromm

Antonio Fuentes

Peter Galison

Roberto García

Olivier Gentaz

Roman Gold

Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz

José L. Gómez

Minfeng Gu

Kazuhiro Hada

Kari Haworth

Michael H. Hecht

Ronald Hesper

Luis C. Ho

Paul Ho

Mareki Honma

Chih-Wei L. Huang

Lei Huang

David H. Hughes

Shiro Ikeda

C. M. Violette Impellizzeri

Makoto Inoue

David J. James

Buell T. Jannuzi

Michael Janssen

Britton Jeter

Wu Jiang

Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales

Svetlana Jorstad

Abhishek V. Joshi

Taehyun Jung

Mansour Karami

Ramesh Karuppusamy

Tomohisa Kawashima

Mark Kettenis

Dong-Jin Kim

Jae-Young Kim

Jongsoo Kim

Junhan Kim

Motoki Kino

Jun Yi Koay

Prashant Kocherlakota

Yutaro Kofuji

Patrick M. Koch

Shoko Koyama

Carsten Kramer

Michael Kramer

Thomas P. Krichbaum

Cheng-Yu Kuo

Noemi La Bella

Tod R. Lauer

Sang-Sung Lee

Po Kin Leung

Aviad Levis

Zhiyuan Li

Rocco Lico

Greg Lindahl

Michael Lindqvist

Mikhail Lisakov

Jun Liu

Kuo Liu

Elisabetta Liuzzo

Wen-Ping Lo

Andrei P. Lobanov

Laurent Loinard

Colin Lonsdale

Ru-Sen Lu

Jirong Mao

Sera Markoff

Alan P. Marscher

Satoki Matsushita

Lynn D. Matthews

Lia Medeiros

Karl M. Menten

Daniel Michalik

Izumi Mizuno

Yosuke Mizuno

James M. Moran

Kotaro Moriyama

Cornelia Müller

Gibwa Musoke

Ioannis Myserlis

Andrew Nadolski

Hiroshi Nagai

Neil M. Nagar

Masanori Nakamura

Ramesh Narayan

Gopal Narayanan

Iniyan Natarajan

Antonios Nathanail

Santiago Navarro Fuentes

Roberto Neri

Chunchong Ni

Aristeidis Noutsos

Junghwan Oh

Hiroki Okino

Héctor Olivares

Gisela N. Ortiz-León

Tomoaki Oyama

Feryal Özel

Daniel C. M. Palumbo

Georgios Filippos Paraschos

Jongho Park

Harriet Parsons

Nimesh Patel

Ue-Li Pen

Dominic W. Pesce

Vincent Piétu

Richard Plambeck

Aleksandar PopStefanija

Oliver Porth

Felix M. Pötzl

Ben Prather

Jorge A. Preciado-López

Hung-Yi Pu

Ramprasad Rao

Mark G. Rawlings

Alexander W. Raymond

Luciano Rezzolla

Angelo Ricarte

Freek Roelofs

Alan Rogers

Eduardo Ros

Cristina Romero-Canizales

Arash Roshanineshat

Helge Rottmann

Alan L. Roy

Ignacio Ruiz

Chet Ruszczyk

Kazi L. J. Rygl

Salvador Sánchez

David Sánchez-Argüelles

Miguel Sánchez-Portal

Mahito Sasada

Kaushik Satapathy

Tuomas Savolainen

F. Peter Schloerb

Karl-Friedrich Schuster

Lijing Shao

Zhiqiang Shen

Des Small

Bong Won Sohn

Jason SooHoo

Kamal Souccar

He Sun

Fumie Tazaki

Remo P. J. Tilanus

Michael Titus

Pablo Torne

Efthalia Traianou

Tyler Trent

Sascha Trippe

Ilse van Bemmel

Huib Jan van Langevelde

Daniel R. van Rossum

Jesse Vos

Jan Wagner

Derek Ward-Thompson

John Wardle

Jonathan Weintroub

Norbert Wex

Robert Wharton

Kaj Wiik

Michael F. Wondrak

George N. Wong

Qingwen Wu

Paul Yamaguchi

Doosoo Yoon

André Young

Ken Young

Ziri Younsi

Feng Yuan

Ye-Fei Yuan

J. Anton Zensus

Shuo Zhang

Guang-Yao Zhao

Shan-Shan Zhao

Format Sitasi

APA MLA BibTeX

Wielgus, M., Marchili, N., Martí-Vidal, I., Keating, G.K., Ramakrishnan, V., Tiede, P. et al. (2022). Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428

@article{wielgus2022, author = {Maciek Wielgus and Nicola Marchili and Iván Martí-Vidal and Garrett K. Keating and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Paul Tiede and Ed Fomalont and Sara Issaoun and Joey Neilsen and Michael A. Nowak and Lindy Blackburn and Charles F. Gammie and Ciriaco Goddi and Daryl Haggard and Daeyoung Lee and Monika Moscibrodzka and Alexandra J. Tetarenko and Geoffrey C. Bower and Chi-kwan Chan and Koushik Chatterjee and Paul M. Chesler and Jason Dexter and Sheperd S. Doeleman and Boris Georgiev and Mark Gurwell and Michael D. Johnson and Daniel P. Marrone and Alejandro Mus and Dimitrios Psaltis and Bart Ripperda and Gunther Witzel and Kazunori Akiyama and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Juan Carlos Algaba and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Uwe Bach and Anne-Kathrin Baczko and David Ball and Mislav Baloković and John Barrett and Michi Bauböck and Bradford A. Benson and Dan Bintley and Raymond Blundell and Wilfred Boland and Katherine L. Bouman and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Christiaan D. Brinkerink and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Avery E. Broderick and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Sandra Bustamante and Do-Young Byun and John E. Carlstrom and Chiara Ceccobello and Andrew Chael and Shami Chatterjee and Ming-Tang Chen and Yongjun Chen and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and Nicholas S. Conroy and John E. Conway and James M. Cordes and Thomas M. Crawford and Geoffrey B. Crew and Alejandro Cruz-Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and Mariafelicia De Laurentis and Roger Deane and Jessica Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Vedant Dhruv and Sergio A. Dzib and Ralph P. Eatough and Razieh Emami and Heino Falcke and Joseph Farah and Vincent L. Fish and H. Alyson Ford and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and William T. Freeman and Per Friberg and Christian M. Fromm and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Galison and Roberto García and Olivier Gentaz and Roman Gold and Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz and José L. Gómez and Minfeng Gu and Kazuhiro Hada and Kari Haworth and Michael H. Hecht and Ronald Hesper and Luis C. Ho and Paul Ho and Mareki Honma and Chih-Wei L. Huang and Lei Huang and David H. Hughes and Shiro Ikeda and C. M. Violette Impellizzeri and Makoto Inoue and David J. James and Buell T. Jannuzi and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales and Svetlana Jorstad and Abhishek V. Joshi and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Mark Kettenis and Dong-Jin Kim and Jae-Young Kim and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and Jun Yi Koay and Prashant Kocherlakota and Yutaro Kofuji and Patrick M. Koch and Shoko Koyama and Carsten Kramer and Michael Kramer and Thomas P. Krichbaum and Cheng-Yu Kuo and Noemi La Bella and Tod R. Lauer and Sang-Sung Lee and Po Kin Leung and Aviad Levis and Zhiyuan Li and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Michael Lindqvist and Mikhail Lisakov and Jun Liu and Kuo Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Wen-Ping Lo and Andrei P. Lobanov and Laurent Loinard and Colin Lonsdale and Ru-Sen Lu and Jirong Mao and Sera Markoff and Alan P. Marscher and Satoki Matsushita and Lynn D. Matthews and Lia Medeiros and Karl M. Menten and Daniel Michalik and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and James M. Moran and Kotaro Moriyama and Cornelia Müller and Gibwa Musoke and Ioannis Myserlis and Andrew Nadolski and Hiroshi Nagai and Neil M. Nagar and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and Santiago Navarro Fuentes and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Junghwan Oh and Hiroki Okino and Héctor Olivares and Gisela N. Ortiz-León and Tomoaki Oyama and Feryal Özel and Daniel C. M. Palumbo and Georgios Filippos Paraschos and Jongho Park and Harriet Parsons and Nimesh Patel and Ue-Li Pen and Dominic W. Pesce and Vincent Piétu and Richard Plambeck and Aleksandar PopStefanija and Oliver Porth and Felix M. Pötzl and Ben Prather and Jorge A. Preciado-López and Hung-Yi Pu and Ramprasad Rao and Mark G. Rawlings and Alexander W. Raymond and Luciano Rezzolla and Angelo Ricarte and Freek Roelofs and Alan Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Cristina Romero-Canizales and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Alan L. Roy and Ignacio Ruiz and Chet Ruszczyk and Kazi L. J. Rygl and Salvador Sánchez and David Sánchez-Argüelles and Miguel Sánchez-Portal and Mahito Sasada and Kaushik Satapathy and Tuomas Savolainen and F. Peter Schloerb and Karl-Friedrich Schuster and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Shen and Des Small and Bong Won Sohn and Jason SooHoo and Kamal Souccar and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Remo P. J. Tilanus and Michael Titus and Pablo Torne and Efthalia Traianou and Tyler Trent and Sascha Trippe and Ilse van Bemmel and Huib Jan van Langevelde and Daniel R. van Rossum and Jesse Vos and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Kaj Wiik and Michael F. Wondrak and George N. Wong and Qingwen Wu and Paul Yamaguchi and Doosoo Yoon and André Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Ye-Fei Yuan and J. Anton Zensus and Shuo Zhang and Guang-Yao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao}, title = {Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign}, year = {2022}, journal = {DOAJ}, doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428}, }

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Informasi Jurnal

Tahun Terbit: 2022
Sumber Database: DOAJ
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428
Akses: Open Access ✓