DOAJ Open Access 2022

The Variability of the Black Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Timescale

Kaushik Satapathy Dimitrios Psaltis Feryal Özel Lia Medeiros Sean T. Dougall +233 lainnya

Abstrak

The black hole images obtained with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) are expected to be variable at the dynamical timescale near their horizons. For the black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy, this timescale (5–61 days) is comparable to the 6 day extent of the 2017 EHT observations. Closure phases along baseline triangles are robust interferometric observables that are sensitive to the expected structural changes of the images but are free of station-based atmospheric and instrumental errors. We explored the day-to-day variability in closure-phase measurements on all six linearly independent nontrivial baseline triangles that can be formed from the 2017 observations. We showed that three triangles exhibit very low day-to-day variability, with a dispersion of ∼3°–5°. The only triangles that exhibit substantially higher variability (∼90°–180°) are the ones with baselines that cross the visibility amplitude minima on the u – v plane, as expected from theoretical modeling. We used two sets of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to explore the dependence of the predicted variability on various black hole and accretion-flow parameters. We found that changing the magnetic field configuration, electron temperature model, or black hole spin has a marginal effect on the model consistency with the observed level of variability. On the other hand, the most discriminating image characteristic of models is the fractional width of the bright ring of emission. Models that best reproduce the observed small level of variability are characterized by thin ring-like images with structures dominated by gravitational lensing effects and thus least affected by turbulence in the accreting plasmas.

Topik & Kata Kunci

Astrophysics

Penulis (238)

Kaushik Satapathy

Dimitrios Psaltis

Feryal Özel

Lia Medeiros

Sean T. Dougall

Chi-Kwan Chan

Maciek Wielgus

Ben S. Prather

George N. Wong

Charles F. Gammie

Kazunori Akiyama

Antxon Alberdi

Walter Alef

Juan Carlos Algaba

Richard Anantua

Keiichi Asada

Rebecca Azulay

Anne-Kathrin Baczko

David Ball

Mislav Baloković

John Barrett

Bradford A. Benson

Dan Bintley

Lindy Blackburn

Raymond Blundell

Wilfred Boland

Katherine L. Bouman

Geoffrey C. Bower

Hope Boyce

Michael Bremer

Christiaan D. Brinkerink

Roger Brissenden

Silke Britzen

Avery E. Broderick

Dominique Broguiere

Thomas Bronzwaer

Sandra Bustamente

Do-Young Byun

John E. Carlstrom

Andrew Chael

Koushik Chatterjee

Shami Chatterjee

Ming-Tang Chen

Yongjun Chen

Ilje Cho

Pierre Christian

John E. Conway

James M. Cordes

Thomas M. Crawford

Geoffrey B. Crew

Alejandro Cruz-Osorio

Yuzhu Cui

Jordy Davelaar

Mariafelicia De Laurentis

Roger Deane

Jessica Dempsey

Gregory Desvignes

Jason Dexter

Sheperd S. Doeleman

Ralph P. Eatough

Heino Falcke

Joseph Farah

Vincent L. Fish

Ed Fomalont

H. Alyson Ford

Raquel Fraga-Encinas

Per Friberg

Christian M. Fromm

Antonio Fuentes

Peter Galison

Roberto García

Olivier Gentaz

Boris Georgiev

Ciriaco Goddi

Roman Gold

Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz

José L. Gómez

Minfeng Gu

Mark Gurwell

Kazuhiro Hada

Daryl Haggard

Michael H. Hecht

Ronald Hesper

Luis C. Ho

Paul Ho

Mareki Honma

Chih-Wei L. Huang

Lei Huang

David H. Hughes

Shiro Ikeda

Makoto Inoue

Sara Issaoun

David J. James

Buell T. Jannuzi

Michael Janssen

Britton Jeter

Wu Jiang

Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales

Michael D. Johnson

Svetlana Jorstad

Taehyun Jung

Mansour Karami

Ramesh Karuppusamy

Tomohisa Kawashima

Garrett K. Keating

Mark Kettenis

Dong-Jin Kim

Jae-Young Kim

Jongsoo Kim

Junhan Kim

Motoki Kino

Jun Yi Koay

Yutaro Kofuji

Patrick M. Koch

Shoko Koyama

Carsten Kramer

Michael Kramer

Thomas P. Krichbaum

Cheng-Yu Kuo

Tod R. Lauer

Sang-Sung Lee

Aviad Levis

Yan-Rong Li

Zhiyuan Li

Michael Lindqvist

Rocco Lico

Greg Lindahl

Jun Liu

Kuo Liu

Elisabetta Liuzzo

Wen-Ping Lo

Andrei P. Lobanov

Laurent Loinard

Colin Lonsdale

Ru-Sen Lu

Nicholas R. MacDonald

Jirong Mao

Nicola Marchili

Sera Markoff

Daniel P. Marrone

Alan P. Marscher

Iván Martí-Vidal

Satoki Matsushita

Lynn D. Matthews

Karl M. Menten

Izumi Mizuno

Yosuke Mizuno

James M. Moran

Kotaro Moriyama

Monika Moscibrodzka

Cornelia Müller

Alejandro Mus Mejías

Gibwa Musoke

Hiroshi Nagai

Neil M. Nagar

Masanori Nakamura

Ramesh Narayan

Gopal Narayanan

Iniyan Natarajan

Antonios Nathanail

Joey Neilsen

Roberto Neri

Chunchong Ni

Aristeidis Noutsos

Michael A. Nowak

Hiroki Okino

Héctor Olivares

Gisela N. Ortiz-León

Tomoaki Oyama

Daniel C. M. Palumbo

Jongho Park

Nimesh Patel

Ue-Li Pen

Dominic W. Pesce

Vincent Piétu

Richard Plambeck

Aleksandar PopStefanija

Oliver Porth

Felix M. Pötzl

Jorge A. Preciado-López

Hung-Yi Pu

Venkatessh Ramakrishnan

Ramprasad Rao

Mark G. Rawlings

Alexander W. Raymond

Luciano Rezzolla

Bart Ripperda

Freek Roelofs

Alan Rogers

Eduardo Ros

Mel Rose

Arash Roshanineshat

Helge Rottmann

Alan L. Roy

Chet Ruszczyk

Kazi L. J. Rygl

Salvador Sánchez

David Sánchez-Arguelles

Mahito Sasada

Tuomas Savolainen

F. Peter Schloerb

Karl-Friedrich Schuster

Lijing Shao

Zhiqiang Shen

Des Small

Bong Won Sohn

Jason SooHoo

He Sun

Fumie Tazaki

Alexandra J. Tetarenko

Paul Tiede

Remo P. J. Tilanus

Michael Titus

Kenji Toma

Pablo Torne

Efthalia Traianou

Tyler Trent

Sascha Trippe

Ilse van Bemmel

Huib Jan van Langevelde

Daniel R. van Rossum

Jan Wagner

Derek Ward-Thompson

John Wardle

Jonathan Weintroub

Norbert Wex

Robert Wharton

Kaj Wiik

Qingwen Wu

Doosoo Yoon

André Young

Ken Young

Ziri Younsi

Feng Yuan

Ye-Fei Yuan

J. Anton Zensus

Guang-Yao Zhao

Shan-Shan Zhao

Format Sitasi

APA MLA BibTeX

Satapathy, K., Psaltis, D., Özel, F., Medeiros, L., Dougall, S.T., Chan, C. et al. (2022). The Variability of the Black Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Timescale. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac332e

@article{satapathy2022, author = {Kaushik Satapathy and Dimitrios Psaltis and Feryal Özel and Lia Medeiros and Sean T. Dougall and Chi-Kwan Chan and Maciek Wielgus and Ben S. Prather and George N. Wong and Charles F. Gammie and Kazunori Akiyama and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Juan Carlos Algaba and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Anne-Kathrin Baczko and David Ball and Mislav Baloković and John Barrett and Bradford A. Benson and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and Raymond Blundell and Wilfred Boland and Katherine L. Bouman and Geoffrey C. Bower and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Christiaan D. Brinkerink and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Avery E. Broderick and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Sandra Bustamente and Do-Young Byun and John E. Carlstrom and Andrew Chael and Koushik Chatterjee and Shami Chatterjee and Ming-Tang Chen and Yongjun Chen and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and John E. Conway and James M. Cordes and Thomas M. Crawford and Geoffrey B. Crew and Alejandro Cruz-Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and Mariafelicia De Laurentis and Roger Deane and Jessica Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Jason Dexter and Sheperd S. Doeleman and Ralph P. Eatough and Heino Falcke and Joseph Farah and Vincent L. Fish and Ed Fomalont and H. Alyson Ford and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Per Friberg and Christian M. Fromm and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Galison and Roberto García and Olivier Gentaz and Boris Georgiev and Ciriaco Goddi and Roman Gold and Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz and José L. Gómez and Minfeng Gu and Mark Gurwell and Kazuhiro Hada and Daryl Haggard and Michael H. Hecht and Ronald Hesper and Luis C. Ho and Paul Ho and Mareki Honma and Chih-Wei L. Huang and Lei Huang and David H. Hughes and Shiro Ikeda and Makoto Inoue and Sara Issaoun and David J. James and Buell T. Jannuzi and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales and Michael D. Johnson and Svetlana Jorstad and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Garrett K. Keating and Mark Kettenis and Dong-Jin Kim and Jae-Young Kim and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and Jun Yi Koay and Yutaro Kofuji and Patrick M. Koch and Shoko Koyama and Carsten Kramer and Michael Kramer and Thomas P. Krichbaum and Cheng-Yu Kuo and Tod R. Lauer and Sang-Sung Lee and Aviad Levis and Yan-Rong Li and Zhiyuan Li and Michael Lindqvist and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Jun Liu and Kuo Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Wen-Ping Lo and Andrei P. Lobanov and Laurent Loinard and Colin Lonsdale and Ru-Sen Lu and Nicholas R. MacDonald and Jirong Mao and Nicola Marchili and Sera Markoff and Daniel P. Marrone and Alan P. Marscher and Iván Martí-Vidal and Satoki Matsushita and Lynn D. Matthews and Karl M. Menten and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and James M. Moran and Kotaro Moriyama and Monika Moscibrodzka and Cornelia Müller and Alejandro Mus Mejías and Gibwa Musoke and Hiroshi Nagai and Neil M. Nagar and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and Joey Neilsen and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Michael A. Nowak and Hiroki Okino and Héctor Olivares and Gisela N. Ortiz-León and Tomoaki Oyama and Daniel C. M. Palumbo and Jongho Park and Nimesh Patel and Ue-Li Pen and Dominic W. Pesce and Vincent Piétu and Richard Plambeck and Aleksandar PopStefanija and Oliver Porth and Felix M. Pötzl and Jorge A. Preciado-López and Hung-Yi Pu and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Ramprasad Rao and Mark G. Rawlings and Alexander W. Raymond and Luciano Rezzolla and Bart Ripperda and Freek Roelofs and Alan Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Mel Rose and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Alan L. Roy and Chet Ruszczyk and Kazi L. J. Rygl and Salvador Sánchez and David Sánchez-Arguelles and Mahito Sasada and Tuomas Savolainen and F. Peter Schloerb and Karl-Friedrich Schuster and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Shen and Des Small and Bong Won Sohn and Jason SooHoo and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Alexandra J. Tetarenko and Paul Tiede and Remo P. J. Tilanus and Michael Titus and Kenji Toma and Pablo Torne and Efthalia Traianou and Tyler Trent and Sascha Trippe and Ilse van Bemmel and Huib Jan van Langevelde and Daniel R. van Rossum and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Kaj Wiik and Qingwen Wu and Doosoo Yoon and André Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Ye-Fei Yuan and J. Anton Zensus and Guang-Yao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao}, title = {The Variability of the Black Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Timescale}, year = {2022}, journal = {DOAJ}, doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac332e}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac332e}, }

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Informasi Jurnal

Tahun Terbit: 2022
Sumber Database: DOAJ
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac332e
Akses: Open Access ✓