Involvement of protein kinases associated signal transduction mechanisms in cardiac diseases

Protein kinases, a family of enzymes responsible for regulating various cellular processes, have been implicated in the development and progression of various heart diseases, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the role of protein kinases induced phosphorylation and protein phosphatase-induced dephosphorylation in cardiovascular disorders, including heart failure, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, hypertension, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. This paper explores the potential of novel kinase-targeted therapies and emerging technologies for the prevention and treatment of these conditions. It also discusses the involvement of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in heart dysfunction and alterations in their function that contribute to their respective cardiac disorders. Furthermore, this article presents a comprehensive overview of protein kinases in cardiac disorders and the potential of innovative kinase-targeted therapies, advanced technologies, and multidisciplinary approaches for the effective prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.