Gamma Irradiation Effects on Salvia hispanica L. seeds in M2 Generation: A comprehensive study of genetic variation and phytochemical responses

Gamma irradiation is a powerful tool in mutation breeding, promising to boost plant productivity and yield while influencing phytochemical composition and morphological traits. This study focuses on understanding the effects of gamma irradiation on Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed development, encompassing germination, growth, and photochemical properties. Ionizing radiation has proven to be a potent physical agent in mutation breeding initiatives, potentially enhancing plant productivity and yield. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, encompassing the application of distinct gamma irradiation doses ranging from (0, 50,100, 150, 200, and 250 Gy) in M1(2021-22) and M2 (2022-23) and oils were extracted in M2 generation using the Soxhlet technique. Various parameters, including sterol composition, fatty acid composition, tocopherol content, and fatty acid value (FAV), were meticulously analyzed using the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Increased phytochemical viz., Alpha-linolenic acid (60.23%), Linoleic acid methyl ester (19.78%), and Palmitic acid (11.96%) were obtained at 100 Gy irradiation that had not been reported in earlier research. Therefore, the potential of gamma irradiation to enhance chia seeds’ nutritional and phytochemical properties exists. This insight holds promise for advancing seed development and overall plant performance, offering valuable prospects for crop improvement and the creation of nutrient-rich agricultural products.