External costs of environmental pollution emitted by road transport. Modeling based on the intersection under real traffic conditions

Environmental pollution is a negative external effect associated with road transport. The subject of the article concerns the economic aspects of air pollution caused by road transport. The aim of this study is to determine the size and costs resulting from the emission of pollutants in exhaust fumes emitted by road transport for a selected intersection under real traffic conditions. The work concerns the estimation of the costs of pollution, in conditions of flowing traffic, generated from motor vehicles, based on research conducted in real traffic conditions on the example of the intersection in Rekowo Górne. The added value and own contribution of the article result from the authors' focus on the local scale. The result of the analyses is the total annual cost resulting from the emission of harmful compounds, which is the external cost of environmental pollution by road transport. The formula presented in the article can be used to calculate the costs of pollution at selected intersections under real traffic conditions. The study, in addition to its theoretical contribution, therefore also has an application dimension and fits into the issues related to sustainable development.