Opportunities and barriers in the digital transformation of dairy industry and its impact on sustainable production management

Purpose: This study investigates the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies in the Polish dairy industry and their impact on sustainable production management, addressing opportunities, barriers, and strategic implications. Methodology/Approach: A structured CATI survey was conducted with 68 dairy companies. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics to evaluate disparities in technology adoption and its impact on sustainability outcomes. Findings: Large companies exhibit higher levels of digitalisation, benefiting from increased efficiency, sustainability, and ecological performance. Small and SMEs face barriers such as high costs, limited infrastructure, and workforce challenges.  Research limitations/implications: The study's focus on the Polish dairy sector limits generalizability. Future research should explore specific technologies, such as blockchain and AI, and expand to other sectors for broader insights. Practical implications: The findings emphasise the need for financial support, training programs, and tailored strategies to overcome barriers, particularly for SMEs. Originality/Value: Our research bridges the gap between digital transformation and sustainability in the dairy sector, offering actionable insights for managers and policymakers.