The association of gene polymorphisms with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background. The current study aimed to systematically review the existing evidence on potential links between gene polymorphisms and the occurrence of peri-implant mucositis (PIM) or peri-implantitis (PI). Methods. The electronic search was executed through six databases in November 2022: PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science. The search sought studies delving into the possible association of gene polymorphisms with PIM or PI. To showcase the effect size, odds ratios along with 95% confidence intervals were used. The meta-analysis was performed on polymorphisms/alleles reported in at least two studies. Results. The initial search yielded 2162 results, which were reduced to 1327 following deduplication. After evaluating titles, abstracts, and full texts, 30 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion. Forty-nine gene polymorphisms were examined among 50 PIM patients, 1603 PI patients, and 2407 healthy controls spanning seven ethnicities. The meta-analysis showed that IL-1α -889 (95% CI: 1.070‒2.850, OR=1.746, P=0.026), IL-1β+3954 (95% CI: 1.265‒2.851, OR=1.899, P=0.002), and OPG -3618 (95% CI: 1.158‒2.983, OR=1.859, P=0.010) gene polymorphisms significantly differed between healthy controls and PI patients. However, IL-1β -511, IL-6 -174, OPG -3617, and TNF-α -308 gene polymorphisms did not significantly alter PI risk. Due to insufficient data, performing a meta-analysis on PIM was not feasible. Conclusion. The findings suggest that IL-1α -889, IL-1β+3954, and OPG -3618 gene polymorphisms are associated with the predisposition to PI. However, further research among diverse populations is warranted to draw more definitive conclusions.