Dynamic Verification of Space Missions via Flexible Model-Based Co-simulation with Systems Modeling Language and SpaceSim

This paper presents a model-based framework for the dynamic verification of spacecraft systems, which tightly integrates an executable systems modeling language architectural model with the in-house orbital analysis tool SpaceSim to achieve a closed-loop workflow encompassing system design, analysis, and verification. The method is abstracted into 2 generic types of meta-models: the co-simulation meta-model, which captures the structure of co-simulation commands and data formats, and the system-of-interest meta-model, which ensures hierarchical and modular system architectures, thereby supporting flexible iterative design and verification. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a space mission case study, in which dynamic simulation is used to compute key performance indicators such as energy and information flow balance and to validate associated requirements in real time. The adaptability of the approach is further evaluated through multiple simulated mission change scenarios across 3 dimensions: simulation context, system behavior, and parameter modification. Results indicate that the proposed method effectively reduces the complexity and effort required for model updates and enhances the overall flexibility of system analysis. This study offers a generalizable paradigm for integrating model-based systems engineering with domain-specific simulation tools, laying the groundwork for subsequent high-fidelity model replacement, trade-off analysis, and optimization-based design.