<i>Sp</i>(2<i>N</i>) Lattice Gauge Theories and Extensions of the Standard Model of Particle Physics

We review the current status of the long-term programme of numerical investigation of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> gauge theories with and without fermionic matter content. We start by introducing the phenomenological as well as theoretical motivations for this research programme, which are related to composite Higgs models, models of partial top compositeness, dark matter models, and in general to the physics of strongly coupled theories and their approach to the large-<i>N</i> limit. We summarise the results of lattice studies conducted so far in the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> Yang–Mills theories, measuring the string tension, the mass spectrum of glueballs and the topological susceptibility, and discuss their large-<i>N</i> extrapolation. We then focus our discussion on <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, and summarise the numerical measurements of mass and decay constant of mesons in the theories with fermion matter in either the fundamental or the antisymmetric representation, first in the quenched approximation, and then with dynamical fermions. We finally discuss the case of dynamical fermions in mixed representations, and exotic composite fermion states such as the chimera baryons. We conclude by sketching the future stages of the programme. We also describe our approach to open access.