A Biomechanical Analysis of Posture and Effort During Computer Activities: The Role of Furniture

The ergonomic risks associated with posture in conventional office workstations have been extensively studied, but there is limited research available on these risks in the context of home-based work environments. Most available studies rely solely on questionnaire-based statistical analyses, leaving a gap in understanding the specific conditions of home-based work environments. This study focuses on evaluating the effects of workstation conditions on posture and muscular efforts across three anatomical segments: head-neck, trunk-upper trapezius, and arm-deltoid. The analysis is conducted by simulating workstation setups commonly associated with academic activities performed by students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The conditions examined in this study include inadequate desk height, the use of chairs without armrests, and the use of laptops. Eighteen volunteers, comprising nine women and nine men, participated in experiments conducted under scenarios designed using a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>2</mn><mi>k</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> statistical approach. In all experiments, participants completed questionnaires, and text-writing activities were performed to evaluate the effects of these conditions. This research introduces a new non-invasive technique for ergonomic assessment that integrates photogrammetry and surface electromyography (sEMG) to simultaneously evaluate posture and muscular effort. The developed methodology allows precise, contactless analysis of ergonomic conditions and can be adapted for various professional and academic teleworking environments. Significant effects were observed in the posture (°) of the trunk and head, with both small and large effects identified at significance levels of <i>p</i> < 0.001 under the furniture conditions studied. In terms of EMG activity, moderate effects were observed at <i>p</i> < 0.01 levels between table height and upper trapezius activation, while small effects were detected at <i>p</i> < 0.05 levels between the use of chairs without armrests and neck. Similarly, small to moderate effects were observed in the arm-deltoid segment under the same furniture conditions. These findings reveal information about the posture and muscular effort patterns associated with the studied tasks, offering knowledge that can be referenced for similar tasks in other technical fields where telematics activities are performed.