Effects of Plasma and Activated Water on Biological Characteristics of <i>Bromus inermis</i> Seeds Under Different Power Supply Excitation

To explore the potential of plasma technology in regulating seed germination, this study compared the effects of direct treatment with needle-plate electrodes using DC and pulse power supplies, and indirect treatment with plasma-activated water on the growth characteristics of <i>Bromus inermis</i> seeds. By comparing different pulse power parameters, including voltage, pulse width, frequency, and duration, it was found that treatments at 15 kV, 2500 ns, 6 kHz, and 10 min significantly increased the surface hydrophilicity and germination performance of the seeds. The best conditions for DC power supply were 15 kV and 10 min. Indirect treatment with plasma-activated water (15 kV, 10 min) effectively broke the seed dormancy by regulating active nitrogen oxygen particle components, increasing the germination percentage by 50%. Analysis of antioxidant enzyme activity showed that in seedlings the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased by 75% and 21%, respectively, after treatment, revealing the mechanism of oxidative stress response induced by plasma. This study provides theoretical and technical references for the application of plasma technology in enhancing seed vitality and agricultural practices.