Effects of Grazing and Leaf Spot Disease on the Structure and Diversity of Phyllosphere Microbiome Communities in <i>Leymus chinensis</i>

<i>Leymus chinensis</i> is a high-quality forage with wide distribution. Disease is an important factor affecting the yield and quality of <i>L. chinensis</i>. To investigate the effect of grazing on the phyllosphere microbiome community and leaf spot disease in <i>L. chinensis</i>, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the differences in the composition and structure of the phyllosphere fungal and bacterial communities of healthy and diseased leaves under different grazing intensities. The results showed that grazing significantly reduced leaf spot disease incidence and severity. There were significant differences in the phyllosphere microbiome composition between healthy and diseased leaves, and interestingly, diseased leaves showed more complex microbial activity. Grazing altered the relative abundance of micro-organisms and affected microbial dispersal and colonization either directly through behavior or indirectly by altering plant community structure. In this study, we found that the phyllosphere microbiome responded strongly to pathogen infection, and that plants recruited beneficial microbes to protect themselves after disease development. Grazing could regulate microbial community composition and structure, either directly or indirectly, and plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of <i>L. chinensis</i>.