Effect of Intertidal Vegetation (<i>Suaeda salsa</i>) Restoration on Microbial Diversity in the Offshore Areas of the Yellow River Delta

The coastal wetlands in the Yellow River Delta play a vital role in the ecological function of the area. However, the impact of primary restoration on microbial communities is not yet fully understood. Hence, this study aimed to analyze the bacterial and archaeal communities in the soil. The results indicated that <i>Marinobacter</i> and <i>Halomonas</i> were predominant in the bacterial community during spring and winter. On the other hand, <i>Muribaculaceae</i> and <i>Helicobacter</i> were prevalent during the core remediation of soil, while <i>Inhella</i> and <i>Halanaerobium</i> were predominant in non-vegetation-covered high-salinity soil. The bacterial Shannon index showed significant differences in vegetation-covered areas. For archaea, <i>Salinigranum</i>, <i>Halorubrum</i>, and <i>Halogranum</i> were dominant in vegetation areas, while <i>Halolamina</i>, <i>Halogranum</i>, and <i>Halorubrum</i> were prevalent in non-vegetation areas. The colonization of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> led to differences in the composition of bacteria (22.6%) and archaea (29.5%), and salt was one of the significant reasons for this difference. The microflora was more diverse, and the elements circulated after vegetation grounding, while the microbial composition in non-vegetation areas was similar, but there was potential competition. Therefore, vegetation restoration can effectively restore soil ecological function, while the microorganisms in the soil before restoration provide germplasm resources for pollutant degradation and antimicrobial development.