Orchids of Azerbaijani Cemeteries

In order to explore their orchid flora, we performed surveys of 96 Azerbaijani burial places in 2018 and 2019. Altogether, 28 orchid taxa were found in 37 visited cemeteries. In the orchid diversity a remarkable pattern was observed: geographic latitude was significantly and positively related to the number of taxa and number of individuals. The most widespread and abundant orchids in Azerbaijani graveyards were <i>Anacamptis pyramidalis</i> and <i>A. papilionacea</i> (found in 23 and 8 cemeteries, respectively). Azerbaijani cemeteries can be important refuges for rare and threatened orchids, e.g., <i>Himantoglossum formosum</i> (three cemeteries), <i>Ophrys sphegodes</i> subsp. <i>mammosa</i> (eight), <i>Orchis adenocheila</i> (two), <i>O. punctulata</i> (three), <i>O. stevenii</i> (one) and <i>Steveniella satyrioides</i> (one). <i>Epipactis turcica</i>, detected in a single locality, was previously unknown to the flora of Azerbaijan. Additionally, we documented orchid tuber (salep) collection in two cemeteries.