Anthropometric and Body Composition Changes over Five Years after Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Obesity, Diagnosed or Not Diagnosed with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in the Preoperative Period

Obesity is a complex disease with a multifactorial etiology and could be associated with psychiatric disorders, such as Binge Eating Disorder (BED), characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in the absence of compensatory behaviors. The present study aimed to analyze anthropometric and body composition changes over five years after bariatric surgery in patients diagnosed or not diagnosed with BED, depression, and anxiety in the preoperative period. One hundred and eighteen patients undergoing bariatric surgery were evaluated and divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of BED. The patients were submitted to anthropometric and body composition evaluation. We also analyzed BED diagnosis, depression, and anxiety according to the DSM-5 and validated questionnaires. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov, <i>t</i>-test, Fisher’s, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Over five years after bariatric surgery, only the BED group exhibited an increased weight and BMI (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the preoperative period, patients with BED had severe depression (13,11%, <i>p</i> = 0.0079) and a higher frequency of moderate (22.95%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) or severe (14.75%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) anxiety. In conclusion, patients with BED had more intense symptoms of depression and anxiety in the preoperative period, and this disorder may persist in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery, contributing to weight gain and increased BMI.