Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Compounds Isolated from Plants of <i>Euphorbia</i> Genus

<i>Euphorbia</i> is a large genus of the Euphorbiaceae family. Around 250 species of the <i>Euphorbia</i> genus have been studied chemically and pharmacologically; different compounds have been isolated from these species, especially diterpenes and triterpenes. Several reports show that several species have anti-inflammatory activity, which can be attributed to the presence of diterpenes, such as abietanes, ingenanes, and lathyranes. In addition, it was found that some diterpenes isolated from different <i>Euphorbia</i> species have anti-cancer activity. In this review, we included compounds isolated from species of the <i>Euphorbia</i> genus with anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic effects published from 2018 to September 2023. The databases used for this review were Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, Springer, and Google Scholar, using the keywords <i>Euphorbia</i> with anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic activity. In this review, 68 studies were collected and analyzed regarding the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of 264 compounds obtained from 36 species of the <i>Euphorbia</i> genus. The compounds included in this review are terpenes (95%), of which 68% are diterpenes, especially of the types ingenanes, abietanes, and triterpenes (approximately 15%).