Diversity of Microbial Communities of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i> at Spatial Scale

Soil microorganisms play an indispensable role in the forest ecosystem. It is necessary to study the soil microorganisms in <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i>, which is one of the afforestation species widely planted in the northern sandy region of China. We collected soil samples of <i>P. sylvestris</i> at large spatial scales and analyzed bacterial and fungal community composition differences using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The results showed that: (1) the richness index of different sandy lands was significantly different. The α-diversity of bacteria was the highest in Mu Us Sandy Land, and the α-diversity of fungi was the highest in Horqin Sandy Land. (2) The dominant phyla of bacteria were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, while the dominant phyla of fungi were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The relative abundance of dominant phyla was different. (3) Temperature and precipitation were the main driving factors of bacterial and fungal community change at large spatial scale. In addition, bacteria were also affected by total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and pH content; fungal community was affected by pH. The microorganisms showed obvious differences in geographical distribution, which could provide ideas for promoting sustainable management of <i>P. sylvestris</i> stand.