Bandwidth Enhancement and Generation of CP of Yagi-Uda-Shape Feed on a Rectangular DRA for 5G Applications

A wideband circularly polarized rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) fed by a single feeding mechanism has been studied theoretically and experimentally. The purpose of the study is to determine how adding a parasitic strip next to the flat surface metallic feed would affect various far- and near-field antenna characteristics. Initially, the basic antenna design, i.e., the T-shape feed known as antenna A, produced a 4.81% impedance matching bandwidth (|S₁₁| −10 dB). Due to the narrow and undesirable results of the initial antenna design, antenna-A was updated to the antenna-B design, i.e., Yagi-Uda. The antenna-B produced a decent result (7.89% S₁₁) as compared to antenna-A but still needed the bandwidth widened, for this, a parasitic patch was introduced next to the Yagi-Uda antenna on the rectangular DRA at an optimized location to further improve the results. This arrangement produced circular polarization (CP) waves spanning a broad bandwidth of 28.21% (3.59–3.44 GHz) and a broad impedance |S₁₁| bandwidth of around 29.74% (3.71–3.62 GHz). These findings show that, in addition to producing CP, parasite patches also cause the return loss to rise by a factor of almost three times when compared to results obtained with the Yagi-Uda-shape feed alone. Computer simulation technology was used for the simulation (CST-2017). The planned antenna geometry prototype was fabricated and measured. Performance indicators show that the suggested antenna is a good fit for 5G applications. The simulated outcomes and measurements match up reasonably.