Impact of Hemoglobin Levels During Definite Chemoradiotherapy of Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Survival

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: This study aims to investigate the impact of hemoglobin (Hb) level changes during radiochemotherapy (RCT) on the survival of patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). <i>Materials and Methods</i>: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 97 patients with HNSCC, treated with definitive RCT between January 2016 and October 2021. Hb levels were monitored weekly during RCT. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis were performed. <i>Results</i>: There was a significant association between Hb levels at the end of RCT and overall survival (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Initial Hb levels and Hb level changes were not significantly associated with survival. In multivariate analysis, a lower body mass index (BMI) and Hb levels at week six were identified as significant prognostic factors. <i>Conclusions</i>: At the end of RCT, rather than baseline levels or changes during treatment, Hb levels are a significant prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with HNSCC.