Identifying Particulate Matter Variances Based on Environmental Contexts: Installing and Surveying Real-Time Measuring Sensors

Previous research suggests that there should be environmental solutions for the emerging health threats caused by poor air quality, such as particulate matters (PM, including PM_2.5 and PM₁₀). Research related to air quality (measured by PM) using land-use regression and geographically weighted regression shows some patterns among different environmental contexts which could reduce the threats from such elements; however, there is little concrete evidence for such threats. To fill this research gap, this study installed real-time PM sensors at human breathing heights at five locations in Seoul, South Korea, and recorded the PM values collected between November 2021 and January 2023. Three-phase time-series analyses were conducted on the collected data. Lower levels of PM concentration were found in more enclosed spaces. In particular, when a space was surrounded by vegetation, the air quality significantly increased. The purpose of this study is to explore variations in air quality, particularly PMs densities, in different types of land use within urban areas such as Seoul. Greater metropolitan areas such as Seoul have a great number of health problems caused by air quality. This study’s results contribute to policy and decision-making in urban design to tackle such problems and to provide spatial guidelines for public health and welfare.