Multidisciplinary Analysis of Inaccessible Historical Water Infrastructures and Urban Transformations: The Case Study of the <i>Grabiglioni</i> in Matera, Italy

Historical water infrastructures represent an overlooked cultural heritage of extraordinary importance, encompassing centuries of technical knowledge deeply intertwined with the landscape and social life. Matera stands out as a case study of international relevance, where the morphology of the historic urban fabric of the <i>Sassi</i> has been shaped by the <i>Grabiglioni</i>, or <i>Fossi</i>, streams that today lie hidden and compromised, deprived of the recognition they deserve. This study presents an integrated analysis that combines history, morphology, hydrology, and infrastructure to uncover the origin, evolution and cultural value of the entire context. Thus, the environmental and identity-related potential of these historical infrastructures emerges, along with the critical issues they pose, partly as a consequence of urban expansions. Reintegrating the <i>Grabiglioni</i> into urban development policies is not merely a matter of preservation; it represents a strategic opportunity to transform this heritage into a resource for safety, sustainability, and urban regeneration. The multidisciplinary approach proposed here can serve as a guide for similar studies on historical water infrastructures, restoring life and memory to legacies that narrate a timeless engineering intelligence and a careful understanding of the various territorial components (morphology, climate, works, and transformations). This article is a revised and expanded version of Altamura D. et al., Interdisciplinary investigation approach to analyze historical water infrastructures and urban transformations: the case study of the <i>Grabiglioni</i> in the Sassi of Matera, Italy, presented at CEES—International Conference on Construction, Energy, Environment and Sustainability in Bari (2025).