Three-Dimensional CFD Simulations of the Flow Around an Infinitely Long Cylinder from Subcritical to Postcritical Reynolds Regimes Using DES

The flow around circular cylinders is a classic problem in fluid mechanics with significant implications for offshore engineering. While extensive numerical and experimental research has focused on the subcritical and critical Reynolds regimes, the supercritical and postcritical regimes remain challenging and relatively unexplored, primarily due to the complex nature of turbulence and the high computational requirements. In this study, we perform three-dimensional detached eddy simulations using the finite volume method in OpenFOAM v1906, employing Menter’s k-<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ω</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> SST turbulence model, to systematically investigate the flow past an infinitely long smooth cylinder from the subcritical through the postcritical regimes. The numerical setup ensures accurate near-wall resolution and reliable representation of unsteady flow features. We present a detailed analysis of vortex shedding patterns, wake evolution, and statistical properties of lift and drag coefficients for selected Reynolds numbers representative of each regime. The simulation results are benchmarked against experimental data from the literature, demonstrating good agreement for Strouhal number and mean drag. Special emphasis is placed on the evolution of wake topology and force coefficients as the flow transitions from laminar to fully turbulent conditions. The findings contribute to the limited numerical literature on flow around circular cylinders across subcritical, critical, supercritical, and postcritical Reynolds number regimes, providing insights that are fundamentally relevant to the broader scope of understanding vortex shedding phenomena.