Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Date Palm Midrib Composites

This paper evaluates the performance of composites made from date palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L.) midribs reinforced with carbon fiber. Two types of adhesives—unsaturated polyester and epoxy resin—were used as binder for the experimental panels. The physical properties and mechanical strength of the composites, as a function of fiber types, lamination configuration, as well as adhesive types, were determined. The density levels of the panels made using epoxy and unsaturated polyester resin were found to be 1103 kg/m³ and 1133 kg/m³, respectively. Panels made using polyester adhesive had 6.05% and 3.98% for water absorption and thickness swelling values, respectively. Corresponding values of 3.09% and 6.35% were found for the panels made using epoxy resin. Mechanical properties of the samples revealed that carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrids offer superior mechanical performance, whereas polyester-based hybrids may be more suitable for impact-resistant applications. Stereo-microscopy and vertical density profile (VDP) analysis of the panels resulted in variations in layer adhesion and density distribution. Based on the findings in this work, carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy-bonded hybrid panels exhibited superior mechanical properties, while those panels made using polyester-based binder would be more suitable where impact resistance is desired. The combination of date palm fibers and carbon fiber presents significant potential for sustainable applications, offering a balance of strength and durability.