Enhancing Industrial Processes Through Augmented Reality: A Scoping Review

Augmented reality (AR) in industry improves training and technical assistance by overlaying digital information on real environments, facilitating the visualisation and understanding of complex processes. It also enables more effective remote collaboration, optimising problem solving and decision making in real time. This paper proposes a scoping review, using PRISMA guidelines, on the optimisation of industrial processes through the application of AR. The objectives of this study included characterising successful implementations of AR in various industrial processes, comparing different hardware, graphics engines, associated costs, and determining the percentage of optimisation achieved through AR. The databases included were Scopus, SpringerLink, IEEExplore, and MDPI. Eligibility criteria were defined as English-language articles published between 2019 and 2024 that provide significant contributions to AR applications in engineering. The Cochrane method was used to assess bias. The rigorous selection process resulted in the inclusion of 38 articles. Key findings indicate that AR reduces errors and execution times, improves efficiency and productivity, and optimises training and maintenance processes, leading to cost savings and quality improvement. Unity 3D is the most widely used graphics engine for AR applications. The main applications of AR are in maintenance, assembly, training and inspection, with maintenance being the most researched area. Challenges include the learning curve, high initial costs, and hardware limitations.