Application of Fermentation as a Strategy for the Transformation and Valorization of Vegetable Matrices

This review paper addresses vegetable fermentation from a microbiological and technological point of view, with particular emphasis on the potential of lactic acid bacteria to carry out these transformations. This review paper also covers the spectrum of traditional and emerging fermented plant foods. Fermentation with lactic acid bacteria represents an accessible and appropriate strategy to increase the daily consumption of legumes and vegetables. Often, lactic fermentation is carried out spontaneously following protocols firmly rooted in the culture and traditions of different countries worldwide. Fermented plant products are microbiologically safe, nutritious, and have pleasant sensory characteristics, and some of them can be stored for long periods without refrigeration. Controlled fermentation with selected lactic acid bacteria is a promising alternative to guarantee high-quality products from a nutritional and organoleptic point of view and with benefits for the consumer’s health. Recent advances in genomics and molecular microbial ecology predict a bright future for its application in plant fermentation. However, it is necessary to promote molecular approaches to study the microbiota composition, select starters aimed at different legumes and vegetables, generate products with nutritional properties superior to those currently available, and incorporate non-traditional vegetables.