Supporting Disabilities Using Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things: Research Issues and Future Directions

Adaptive technologies have become more sophisticated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), providing world-changing solutions to help people living with disabilities live better lives. In this article, we discuss the potential of AI and IoT to address issues related to Down Syndrome (DS), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Mobility Impairment (MI), Hearing Impairment (HI), Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Visual Impairment (VI). In addition, we propose an analytical framework for evaluating AI and IoT disability assistance prototypes. The framework consists of three different layers: <i>Disability Monitoring</i>, <i>Disability Analysis</i>, and <i>Disability Assistance</i> layers. In each layer, a set of dimensions are identified (e.g., technology, data, security, customization, and response time) and used as criteria to evaluate the research prototypes. Moreover, we evaluate 30 representative AI and IoT disability assistance research prototypes published from 2020 to 2024. The evaluation offers valuable insights into the new strategies, technologies, and approaches that will define AI and IoT disability support in the future. While these technologies have promise in enabling access, autonomy, and interfacing, there remain major open research issues such as data privacy, security, cost, scalability, and real-time response. Furthermore, we discuss future research directions to tackle these issues and allow the people with disabilities community to enhance their quality of life and be more independent.